Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1Department of pharmacology, Visveswarapura Institute of pharmaceutical sciences, Banashankari Stage II, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560070, India.
10.21608/jampr.2025.399256.1101
Abstract
Hemorrhoids, a prevalent anorectal disorder, significantly affect quality of life, yet effective treatments remain an area of ongoing research. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of preclinical studies and clinical management strategies for hemorrhoids. Preclinical studies, primarily involving animal models and in vitro systems, have identified various pharmacological agents with potential therapeutic benefits. Notably, compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and certain herbal extracts have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, astringent, and venotonic effects that may help alleviate hemorrhoidal symptoms. These studies further emphasize the importance of cytokine regulation and the impact of oxidative stress on hemorrhoidal inflammation. Research on novel medication delivery methods, such as topical formulations and nanoparticles, has also shown promise in enhancing the efficacy of hemorrhoidal treatments. Meanwhile, preclinical research on surgical interventions, including laser therapy and sclerotherapy, has contributed to refining minimally invasive techniques. Clinical care often combines lifestyle changes, topical medication, and surgical procedures, but ongoing preclinical research is paving the path for more personalized and effective treatment approaches. Emerging therapies, including stem cell therapy and gene editing, are also briefly explored, pointing to future possibilities in hemorrhoid management. Overall, preclinical studies play a pivotal role in advancing both pharmacological and procedural treatments for hemorrhoidal disorders.
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